Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Agarwood Uses

Agarwood or Oud is the most rare and precious wood on the planet, prized for its rich, wonderful and healing fragrance. Agarwood is extremely rare and often difficult to obtain. It's value is greater than pure gold, often far greater!

Agarwood has many names, above are a few for this resinous, fragarant and highly valuable heartwood produced by Aquilaria malaccensis and other species of the Indomalesian tree genus Aquilaria. The wealth of names for this dark and heavy wood (its Chinese name literally means ‘wood that sinks’) reflects its widespread and varied use over thousands of years.
Agarwood calms the nervous system, expels negative energies, brings alertness, relieves anxiety, invokes a sense of strength and peace and enhances cerebral functioning. It eases neurosis and obsessive behaviour and helps create harmony in your home.
buddha5
Agarwood is highly psychoactive. It is used for a spiritual journey, enlightenment, clarity and to bring the deep peace necessary for meditation. It is recommended by experienced practitioners for providing motivation and the necessary devotion for meditation. It brings communication with the transcendent, refreshing the mind, body and spirit. It is said that prayers arise with the fragrant smoke of agarwood incense carry the prayer to the Creator.
Buddhists use agarwood for transmutation of ignorance. Tibetan monks use it to bring energy to calm the mind and spirit. The Sufis and Japanese Shaman use agarwood oil in their esoteric ceremonies. It enhances mental clarity, opens the third eye and all of the upper charkas while calming the entire system.

What is Agarwood ?

Aloeswood is the resinous wood from the Aquilaria tree, an archaic tropical evergreen tree native to northern India, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Southern China and Vietnam. Its scientific name is Aquilara Malaccensis or Aquilaria agallocha. The Aquilaria tree grows up to 40 meters high and 60 centimetres in diameter. It bears sweetly-scented, snow-white flowers. The trees frequently become infected with a parasite fungus or mold, phialophora parasitica, and begin to produce an aromatic resin in response to this attack. The resin of a tree from a natural fungal attack and immune response is commonly known as agar #1.
Agar Leaf
Agar Leaf
The fungus and decomposition process continue to generate a very rich and dark resin forming within the heartwood. Thus, agarwood develops very, very slowly over time, typically several hundred years! This produces the earths most valuable and sacred oil.
An inferior resin is created by the deliberate wounding of an aquilaria tree; leaving it more susceptible to a fungal attack by using a forced method. This is commonly called agar #2 and found in commercially grown trees. Kacha Stones does not use oil from this forced method.

Agarwood - Interesting Facts:

Lord Buddha was to have said that the smell of agarwood burning "is the scent of Nirvana". It is also a favourite of Lord Krishna, aguru being mentioned throughout the oldest written texts - the Sanskrit Vedas.
"The men and women of the city, arrayed in spotless raiment and anointed with fragrant sandalwood paste, wore precious necklaces, flower garlands and jewelled ornaments, and their opulent homes were filled with the aroma of aguru." (Bhagavata Purana 10.53.8-9)
Although the southern Arabian Peninsula has been long identified with aromatics, few Westerners are familiar with agarwood. This obscurity is partly due to agarwood rarity and cost.
Agarwood has also been used in nearly every religious tradition around the world and revered for thousands of years by many cultures as the most treasured incense ingredient. It was agarwood and Myrrh that was burned at Jesus' burial ceremony.
Ayurvedic, Arabic, Sufi, Unanai, Tibetan and Chinese physicians have all used agarwood in their practice to treat various diseases including mental illness.
King Louis XIV of France had his shirts washed in rose water in which agarwood had been previously boiled.
Samurai warriors scented their armour with agarwood smoke for luck before going to battle.
This is the legendary "tree from the garden of Eden" where Adam and Eve were only allowed to take cuttings from the agarwood tree.

Agarwood Uses

Medicinal
Tonic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, relieves epilepsy, antimicrobial, carminative, anti-asthmatic.
Useful in nervous disorders, digestive, bronchial complaints, smallpox, rheumatism, illness during and after childbirth, spasms in the digestive and respiratory systems, fevers, abdominal pain, asthma, cancer, colic, diarrhoea, nausea, regurgitation, weakness in the elderly, shortness of breath, chills, general pains and cirrhosis of the liver. It also acts as a director or focuser for other medicines. It has been used as a treatment for lung and stomach tumours.
Perfumery
The resin is also used in perfumery. Yves Saint Laurent and Amouage use agarwood as a base in their most exclusive perfumes.
Culinary
Used in Malaysia to flavour curries and Taiwan uses agarwood as an aromatic ingredient in their local wines.
Aphrodisiac
Agarwood is the most potent aphrodisiac of all the essential oils.
Agarwood Oil
Agarwood Oil
Insomnia
Valerian is a natural component of agarwood resin and functions to relieve insomnia and calm the nervous system before sleep, allowing one to have a deeper, longer sleep.
Wicca
In Wicca agarwood is used for love and spirituality and is called for in many of the most powerful magical formulas to draw a lover near.

Vietnam Agarwood

In Vietnam, Agarwood is used very common, for example in medicine Agarwood used as a medicine in the gas again in the religious beliefs of Vietnam, as usual ritual incense cones senior Agarwood is used more as a raw material, as well as drug use increased Agarwood taste of alcohol. Due to the high value precious and noble taste of Agarwood, apart from the use of such consumer, this old Agarwood is also one of the first quarterly equally jade collectors of China, Taiwan. Agarwood in Vietnam is stored in the form of logs or sculptures, even the professionals shop business as Agarwood products: Agarwood wood, Agarwood Department, sculpture, all kinds of incense offerings, Huong Tran powder, etc. Agarwoodoil...
So, with the situation prevailing Eastern Medicine and activities funky folk religion, Vietnam has gained by exploiting eradicated to meet consumer demand for the country such as Taiwan, China, Japan..., according to Customs figures show that Taiwan and CITES, Taiwan is also one of the country 's largest Agarwood consumed globally. Each year about 700 tons consumed incense.
Agarwood leaf
Agarwood leaf

Vietnam succeeded in cultivating the agarwood tree

Vietnam Environment, climate and soil are suitable agarwood plantation, unfortunately also with the development of science and techniques honed by research scientists as well as young love and know the high value of the precious agarwood trees in an attempt to improve the professional nature, tree bulb temperature is extremely rare in Vietnam has grown and successful.
Extension of the Provincial Council in the country has also been encouraging successful cultivation in Vietnam agarwood tree genus Aquilariacrassna, currently the world works out to 18 categories, which agarwoodAquilaria trees are varieties crassna United created South Vietnam Agarwood upper most scrumptious.
Agarwood-Leaf
Agarwood-Leaf
Agarwood
Agarwood

Drinking water, remember the source said Agarwood

As early foreigners (especially the Chinese ) usually carry 2 personal treasures, a land of ash bag is ancestral land, the two statues sculpted by Agarwood, then technical health and sanitation conditions are very poor, usually when unwell, and he lets pray god Agarwood shave a little behind on objects mixed with water to pray for healing, it is sentimental water people remember the ancient sources, as shown Agarwood has closely with our activities.
Agarwood
Agarwood

Agarwood tree farming from South America plan agricultural science and technology

Vietnam is also one of the largest Agarwood producer in the world, the lines generated from "Agarwood", for several thousand years has not deteriorated, prove ' heritage flavoring ' is the lifeblood trade and economic development between us- in other words, after Vietnam joined the WTO, but that agriculture, forestry research has not stopped, but still not get the proper care of the body specialized agencies and elected today that tree is Vietnam will become your best opportunities of agriculture and forestry, agricultural engineering science high organism, how it's become the development trend of agricultural reform later. Which nurtured, cultivated Agarwood tree South America, which is able to enhance the best of agricultural science and technology.

The controversy about the existence of Agarwood seedlings South America

In recent years due to dry tree, Aquilaria tree item in their places of origin exploited collection style market economy, but declining output, but not reduced market demand increased, so that at the place of origin people start logging:
  1. Incense can work;
  2. Taking part in the fault tree, check for precipitation Agarwood not, there are trees that get cut, there is not thrown away;
  3. Wood Tran Huong tightly refined from plant bugs in the Agarwoodoil;
  4. Residue after oil is made into incense training only.
Agarwood forest
Agarwood forest
Due to the limited demand Agarwood tree was to the brink of extinction, but in Vietnam, researchers and scientists have come Blood Center Trees elected as Taiwan has also absorbed power center, after 20 trying year.
Eventually domesticated breeding success was the United Agarwood tree capital of South Vietnam on exotic varieties of this beautiful land.

The cultivation of Agarwood trees Vietnam

Agarwood-farm
Agarwood-farm
Normally Agarwood trees grow at elevations below 700 meters from the sea level, it is also found traces of Agarwood at 1050 meters altitude; collated through its distribution area, the high temperature region and heavy rainfall near the tropical year has Agarwood tree growing movement.
Note climate Agarwood tree distributions :
  1. The average temperature in 15 ~ 25 0C.2 . The average temperature in January 30 oC .
  2. The average temperature in July is 30 oC .
  3. Rainfall in 1600 ~ 2400 mm .
  4. Relative humidity 80M ~ 90 M.
         Agarwood trees like thick soil, crushed many of warts, pumice and hot red soil moisture or soil that nui.Trong domain gold leaf litter compost nutrient recovery is necessary and effective during the growth of Agarwood South America. Characterization of weak sunlight often born Agarwood tree mixed with other plants that do not affect the environment and ecological characteristics of the different varieties are planted together environmental, soil, climate... so love trees sunny childhood need another tree for cover, from the 4th year onwards increasingly rapid growth average 90 cm taller each year, in May each year, flower fragrance, white color, the bloom effect in July.
agarwood leaf
Aquilaria leaf
Life expectancy is very short of seeds, harvested and sown immediately needed, between the shell and tighten adjacent nuts Frankincense as fetal umbilical cord, re- seeds every two particle (rest mass), it is true that extreme amounts of comfort, the color liability can not be described in words.
After sprouting out of the ground, shoots over 15cm high can be relocated plant.
Agarwood
Agarwood
Development and nurturing of trees artificial agarwood in Vietnam Development Studies Agarwood tree
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THE INFORMATION RESEARCH SUCCESS IN PLANTS ALOE apple tree bulb temperature
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Agarwood tree from the Japanese occupation period , in the history of Taiwan has been fed by humans, but have not heard from successful research . In 20 years , company deputy general manager of China 's trade KMT Friends School he participated , just bring Agarwood tree sprouts senior United South Vietnam Government Affairs awarded for their professional brethren in Text Changhua aquaculture breeding , long time and gone through many agricultural technical experts involved, many times through the myriad failures , hard heart , possessions dissipate , eventually successfully tamed ; so far farming has come germplasm 10th generation , was completely grasp and adapt to the climate and soil of Taiwan . During that time , according to North , Central , South , East sets , from seed sowing , germination , temperature , climate , water , and soil structure , fertilizer demand to growth , try planting zones and observe , besides, resulting in different Agarwood seedlings of Southeast Asia , conducting isolation rearing , from which to understand the environment and growth characteristics of Agarwood tree that reaches experimental purposes . Agarwood tree sprouts from the 8th generation , through the test of time long after all the years of China announced 89 successful breeding , to 93 years farming as technical proficiency more diligent , Agarwood tree sprouts 10th generation now proceed according to quantitative production. Regarding technical details Tran Huong tree oil , because artificial techniques can not overcome , from past to present is a natural manner to self- generated fatty oil " Agarwood " , in addition to small quantities of petroleum jelly , very long time ; present artificial techniques have been important breakthroughs , the method applied in active bacterial cultures can , that from the Agarwood tree plant has more oil
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Once outside fast against more fat oil " Agarwood " , not the shortened time urgency , and make more rose oil , to achieve quality excellence grade level ( Figure 6 ) , after a full 15 years , in every Agarwood tree oil average weather " Agarwood " high on 25 % ( 20 year old tree , oil secreted even reach over 45 % ) , were cut down standards , can simultaneously harvest . The key to this breakthrough technique , besides dedication to the protection of plant breeding extinction , for the economic development of Taiwan agriculture more profound impact .
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Method agarwood tree planting in Vietnam

Agarwood saplings through artificial cultivation to 15 cm , can be transplanted into beds planted saplings , growing soil should be dug first bucket, seedbed 1 meter high , 6 meters distance , average land area per a tree is planted just about ( every 1 per hectare in 3025 ) , the first three years of artificial forests purely economic need periodic herbicide , from the fourth year onwards rapid growth trend , most terrestrial weeds no ; 15 ~ 30 days after planting if there is no rain , need watering until germination matter of fact , domesticated breed can adapt to the climate and soil of each place , whether plain or land hills can accommodate grows well . If based on the economic effects of forest , using " leaf litter compost fertilizer " is the most adaptable , prohibited use of chemical fertilizers , on the principle of the proposal is not fertilized , bad habits of farmers spraying deep well to remove .
Agarwood tree belonging to the main roots grow deep roots down , weak sunshine , tropical plant properties , the type of soil and water protection best . During plant growth , not spray pesticides , no harm to the soil quality and human health .
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Characteristics and values of the form together with the planting Aquilaria South America
  1. Agarwood has put antiseptic properties but no disinfectant , useful for ecological protection .
  2. The scene is very beautiful forest Agarwood , Agarwood trees in a plantation , every morning, and the morning twilight with photosynthesis , while the release of aromatic essences , aura and aroma characteristics , proper implementation operators do sanatoria for the elderly , the sick, the practice , operators can also do point to enjoy sightseeing .
  3. No other trees all chains , which grow well together .
  4. Plants were precipitated resin can be used as follows :
  • Branching tree , trimming Agarwood from Aquilaria trees , in addition to being able to drink as tea preparations , can also be used in therapeutic feeding
  • Seeds harvested each year , prices are also very high , the Singapore market is the focal spot , Pharmaceutical or nourishing food ;
  • Division nut shell , after drying preparations used as incense
5. Frankincense essential oil distillation method
Steam has also attracted many bring high profits for growers bulb temperature
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Until now , the vast majority of people are not able to see firsthand work ' Agarwood ' , to have people argue , all these varieties are produced secrete oil is Agarwood , the truth exists Agarwood tree so left lane .

8 Benefits of Drinking Agarwood Tea

Agarwood-Tea
Agarwood-Tea

It seems that the famous celebrity, Doctor Oz, got us all thinking about the benefits drinking of green tea, and so, a ton of little-known herbal teas were brought into the forefront of the media, due to their slimming and detox properties.

Some of these natural loose leaf teas may be new to us in North America, but they are not new, in any sense of word, to the world around us.
One such herbal tea is the virtually unheard of agarwood tea leaves. While it is a predominant force in Asian medicinal and spiritual practices, not too many of us have incorporated it into our health regime..
For those of you who are thinking about what you drink just as much as what you eat, agarwood tea leaves are a great alternative to a hot, caffeinated tea, or a refreshing, cold, thirst quencher. With zero caffeine energy and natural hydration without the sugar, it gives you a power punch of surprising health benefits.

8 Benefits of Drinking Agarwood Tea

  1. It’s a natural detoxifier!
  2. It’s a natural way to remove harmful toxins from your body (such as mercury).
  3. Agarwood tea is a natural diuretic to get your digestive system on “track”.
  4. It promotes healthy, clear skin.
  5. It stabilizes blood sugar
  6. Agarwood tea helps blood flow
  7. It’s caffeine and sugar free
  8. Agarwood tea also promotes healthy body weight (it may also help promote healthy weight loss).
Ways to Drink Agarwood Tea Leaves: You can receive the same health benefits from drinking the tea either hot or cold. Either, steep the leaves in boiling water, or strain and refrigerate to drink it cold.

Do’s and Don’ts of Agarwood Tea

Do ensure that you purchase a chemical free and premium product.
Do try to drink tea made with full leaf teas (did you know that bagged tea only uses the tips of tea leaves?)
Don’t get fooled into buying agarwood tea made from the bark of the tree (it is illegal and environmentally unsustainable).
Don’t get trapped into buying large quantities, or low-grade tea from wholesalers who seem to dominate the market (there are small business out there too).
With Gratitude,
Rob and Jacq

The Wonders of Agarwood

Agarwood
Agarwood

Much has been said of this prized commodity which has recently crept into Feng Shui usage. Known in many places by different names, the aroma and its health benefits are the main attributes. Popularly called ‘Chen-Xiang’ (沉香)in China and Southeast Asia and ‘Jin-Ko’ in Japan, Agar-Wood alludes itself to its sinking property through the high density within the wood itself.

Native to the Aquilaria specimen, only eight are known to produce Agar-Wood and they can be found in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Papua New Guinea.

How Agar-wood is formed

For all the demand and mysterious abilities of Agar-Wood, their origin starts with the ‘affliction’ of the Aquilaria tree. This affliction could be the cause of lightning, rapid thunderstorms, natural erosion, animals migration and human intervention. Once this tree is ‘damaged’, a resin starts forming within the wood and cultivates a period of self-preservation, sometimes under the waters in the marshes.
The resin-embedded wood is commonly called ‘gaharu’, ‘jinko’, ‘aloeswood’ or ‘oud’ from which their extracts are valued in many cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus used for incense and perfumes. One of the reasons for the relative rarity and high cost of Agar-wood is the depletion of the wild resource.
agarwood burner
agarwood burner

Properties of Agar-wood

The fragrance of Agar-wood can be described as intriguing and pleasant, with few or no similar natural analogues. As a result, Agar-wood and its essential oil gained great cultural and religious significance in ancient civilizations around the world, being mentioned throughout some of the world's oldest written texts.
It is said the unique ability of the Agar-wood is to gently touch your body, invigorate your mind, purify your spirit and calm your soul. Traditional Chinese medicine is known to use powdered Agar-wood as a treatment for cirrhosis of the liver. Agar-wood is aphrodisiac, thus often used as a cleansing agent of the body organs and boost one’s energy. The diaphoretic property of the wood qualifies it as an effective detoxification agent.
Benefits of Agarwood
Benefits of Agarwood

Benefitting from Agar-wood

Indisputably pervasive, the aroma of Agar-wood can be described as rich and sentimental, sometimes balsamic and at times vanilla-like sweet. As such, they are extensively used as a ‘protective shield’ against negative energies. Where a space is sometimes ‘afflicted’ the use of Agar-wood is often used to maximum impact as a cure. This could be at home or in the office.
The most beneficial use of Agar-wood remains its health returns and healing properties. Its holistic approach towards healing, improving mental capacity, calming of minds, meditative assistance and clearing mental blocks have been proven over the centuries.
Insomnia, hyper-activity, disturbed sleep and difficulties in winding down could be easily solved with a small chip of Agar-wood no bigger than 2cm in a special burner in your bedroom. Children unable to focus will also benefit.
The inexpensive way to start seeing the positive benefits for yourself is to activate your ‘Tian Yi’ (天医)or the ‘Heavenly Doctor’ sector (for good health) of your bedroom or your home.
Contact Us if you are interested to purchase the beautiful burner and the multi-purpose agar-wood..

The Benefits of Oud

Agarwood (Oud) Forest
Agarwood (Oud) Forest

Indigenous cultures and modern minds alike swear to the sacred nature of this mysterious tree. Oud has a place in the homes of laymen to business tycoons, whether as carved religious symbols, or bottles of fragrant oil.

We might have dismissed it as mere superstition, had it not been for our own experience with this precious wood and its oil:
'We've lost our minds, and our sense of time,' Ensar said, shaking his head. Sunrise was minutes away, yet we felt like it was still midnight!
We'd just spent the best part of the night engulfed in the smoke of burning oud chips, talking about how spacey our minds had become.
'Boy, the mental ... incredible,' Ensar muttered to himself as the burner was sizzling up the last chip for the night.
As for relieving stress, there's no doubt. But all those anecdotes about meditating monks and samurai warriors swearing by the 'power' of agarwood incense suddenly became more than just ancient references to something most of us never really take too seriously.
It was clear that these bubbling oud nuggets on the burner had everything to do with a certain mood we found ourselves in; making you more receptive to certain thoughts and emotions. We were fascinated by how the peculiar frame of mind made us appreciate, as if for the first time, the part agarwood plays in meditation rituals.
From applying a swipe to save face on an nerve-wrecking plane-ride through thunder clouds, to chewing a bite-sized piece to help clear away an aching throat, we've encountered our fair share of strange moments – moments where the mystery associated with this fragrant tree have not seemed that far-fetched. Not far-fetched at all.
Ancient wisdom taught of the profound unity of the corporal, spiritual, and experiential dimensions of Humankind. From Tibetan monks to Japanese Shamans, from agnostic new-age Spirituality to orthodox Sufism, agarwood possesses a salient mystery honoured by traditional cultures wherever it was found.
Being an earthly element, agarwood has a quality that grounds our primordial being, with its medicinal and therapeutic properties well recognized by all who have spent some time exploring its intricacies. Yet, oud is recognized for more than just its healing qualities. It has a very real spiritual pull, no doubt. But it also just smells incredible.
In times where humanity has been all but completely severed from the pristine splendour of his native soil, oud oil reminds us of a place now so remote, yet so dear to us.

Borneo Agarwood Oil Material

Agarwood tree
Agarwood tree

Knowing the Borneo Agarwood Tree

Borneo has two type of famous Agarwood tree, Just say the name is Agarwood A and Agarwood B.
The Agarwood A live in high land / plateau and Agarwood B live in lowlands, not impossible Agarwood A also live in lowlands, or vice vista, but very little tree.
The best for oil in our experience and the team experience is Agarwood A.
Why not much distiller distills this Agarwood A Material? They distilled, depending to the material, very little Agarwooder (a man that look for the Agarwood) want to find this Agarwood A material, due to the hard terrain, and the cost that paid to them almost the same.
The type of material makes the Agarwood oil scent is different, like from Tarakan, Berau, Malinau etc, although sometimes the scent almost close to each other, because they found Agarwood A and B in one area and they do not different it and directly distill it.
Time to time experiences teach us, some distiller use formula of mixing that two type material and found a nice Borneo oil.

The King of Agarwood – Kinam

Kinam Oil
Kinam Oil
There was a popular ancient saying: “The nidanas from performing good deeds in three life-spans are rewarded with smelling the fragrance of Kinam in the present life”. Renowned as “the King of Agarwood”, Kinam is the best of all agarwood species and is known by numerous appellations – “Qinan”, “Kynam” and “Kannam”, while the Japanese refer to it as “Kyara”. The ancients used the saying, “Good agarwood is particularly hard to obtain” to describe Kinam owing to the rare probability of its formation, which makes it all the more precious. Until today, a scientific account of the real factors for Kinam formation is not yet available.. However, deducing from ancient Chinese incense literature, it is likely to be related to parasitic and nesting activities of insects and bees, which subject the scented wood to prolonged absorption of honey and milky substances that gradually blend with the resin produced from the tree, resulting in a lengthy process of transformation. In addition, some modern scholars hold the views that it is caused by fungal stimulation that transforms the nature of the scented wood or by genetic changes in the fragrant trees.

Places of Origin of Kinam

Chinese incense literature provides varying interpretations regarding the places of origin of Kinam. Among ancient incense literatures such as Bencao Yanyi (Augmented Materia Medica) from the Song Dynasty, Xin Cha Shen Lan (Description of the Starry Raft) from the Ming Dynasty, and Huan You Biji (Travel Notes of a Bureaucrat) from the Qing Dynasty, some suggest that Kinam originated from Champa (Vietnam), while others suggest that the mountains near East China Sea in Guangdong (Hainan) are its original birthplaces, proving that the origins sources of Kinam were not confined to a single region. Though recorded in ancient times, from the point of view of modern botany, it is a new species of agarwood as discovered by a French botanist in regions around Vietnam and Cambodia, formally named Aquilaria crassna Pierre and listed under the genus Aquilaria of Thymelaeaceae family. Its resin content is rich, with its uncluttered resin glands clearly arrayed on the wood surface. The ancients so described its texture: “It rolls up when skived and it is pliable but tough to chew”,  and also: “Its texture is as soft as mud” and “Its texture is as tough as jade”. Hence, the texture of Kinam varies. Another superior characteristic of Kinam lies in its unique and multi-layered fragrance, whose composition is so complex that it cannot be reproduced even using advanced modern technology. Compared to the fragrance of agarwood in general, which is relatively monotonous, stable and differentiated primarily by the degree of intensity, Kinam stands out with its complexity, mutability and unpredictability: it smells fresh and endearing at normal temperature, oozing an intense and mellow aroma when burned.
Khmer Agarwood
Khmer Agarwood

Types of Kinam

China has great accomplishments in incense literature. Xiang Sheng (A History of Incense) by Ming collector Zhou Jiazhou categorizes Kinam according to the conditions of its formation, such as “green formation”, “sugary formation”, “honey formation”, “raw formation”, “golden silk formation” and “tiger's skin formation”. Haiwai Yishuo (An Overseas Leisurely Account) grades Kinam by its characteristic colours, with such categories as “warbler green”, “orchid formation”, “golden silk formation”, “sugary formation” and “iron formation”. In modern times, Kinam is graded and categorised as “white Kinam”, “green Kinam”, “red Kinam”, “yellow Kinam”, “purple Kinam” and “black Kinam”. Besides, the mountainous regions in northern Binh Thuan Province in Vietnam are famous for Kinam production, with its local produce classified into the four categories of “white, green, yellow and black”.

Japanese “Rikkoku Gomi”

The culture of incense is said to have been introduced to Japan by the Chinese scholar-monk Kanjin during his journey for propagating Buddhism during the prosperous years of the Tang Dynasty. To the Japanese, any mention of the history of “Kodo” (the Japanese “way of incense”) will bring up the story of “The inflow of agarwood”. Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan) records a chunk of agarwood drifting ashore in the third year of the reign of Empress Suiko (595 AD). The incense culture gradually became widespread under the espousal and promotion of nobles and scholars. Incense education is very systematic in Japan, and a system..........